“A map,” we are told by general dictionaries and the glossaries of cartography textbooks, “is a representation of the surface of the earth, or any part of it, drawn on a flat surface, and the positions of countries, kingdoms, states, mountains, rivers, etc.; as, a map of Europe, or a map of Illinois.” And indeed for most of us, maps are little more than this. We use road maps to find our way about and atlases to locate far-away places we read about in the news. In short, they serve the rather limited – and generally benign – purpose of helping us orient ourselves geographically. Full Text

PReviews of Indigenous Landscapes:BLIC

From Human Ecology From MesoAmerica

As corporate and government money flow into the three big international organizations that dominate the world’s conservation agenda, their programs have been marked by growing conflicts of interest—and by a disturbing neglect of the indigenous peoples whose land they are in business to protect.

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Portugese translation

A landmark project reveals a remarkable correspondence between indigenous land use and the survival of natural areas. Maps may be famously variable in accuracy, but generally speaking they are no more "objective" than are movies, novels, speeches, or paintings. Even if painstakingly accurate, they heavily reflect the interests of those who paid to have them made. Those interests may be political, commercial, or scientific. In the second half of the twentieth century, world maps emphasized the preoccupations of the Cold War, with a primary emphasis on international borders. The globes we had in classrooms showed a world made up of nations. Until recently, most maps showed very little or what some of us now believe to be critical to the future of life....

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At 11 P.M.. on the evening of June 10, 1990, Padre Jesus Erice's heart ceased to beat altogether and he died quietly in bed in the port city of Colon. This marked the end of a full and vigorous life, one that had taken him from the Basque province of Navarra in Northern Spain, where he was born in 1911, to the Caribbean shore of Panama, where he had spent the last fifty years of his life as a Claretian missionary. For most of his time in Panama he had lived among the Kuna Indians in the region of San Blas, a relatively isolated stretch of coastline characterized by numerous coral reefs and tiny islands, mangrove-fringed estuaries, and dense mainland forest running from the Bay of Mandinga east to the Colombian border.

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At all levels - from peasant farmers in the Amazon Basin to concerned scientists worldwide - there is growing alarm that the pace and scale of environmental devastation threatens not only individual communities but nations, and may eventually upset the ecology of the planet. As the prospect of denuded forests, contaminated rivers, and massive rural to urban migration looms closer, Latin Americans are beginning to react: Conservation groups are forming, the media are becoming a regular forum for environmental debates, and technicians are experimenting with alternative development schemes.

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